It’s 11 PM on a Monday night and you’re headed to McDonald’s for a late night study snack. Just when you are about to cross the road the pedestrian light turns red, and a single car passes through the traffic lights.

With no other vehicles on the road, you decide to cross on a red light. Little did you know that this single act could land you on the receiving end of a not insignificant fine.

In recent years, police crackdowns on “jaywalking” in high-risk areas have seen thousands of pedestrians in Sydney and Melbourne CBDs receive up to a $70 on-the-spot fine. The aim has been to reduce the incidence of pedestrian deaths and injuries.

So what does, and does not, constitute a pedestrian offence in Australia?

‘Jaywalking’ and the law

There is no specific “jaywalking” offence in Australia. It is more commonly used as a colloquial term to describe pedestrian offences for crossing the road illegally in each state and territory.

Pedestrian rules are aimed at reducing your risk of injury and the risk of injury to other road users.

Pedestrian laws vary depending on the state or territory and any related fines also vary by council area.

These rules are not strictly enforced, especially when compared with speeding fines and red light cameras. Generally, for a pedestrian to receive a traffic infraction you will have to be clearly disregarding road rules and recklessly placing yourself or drivers in danger.

What pedestrian behaviour may attract a fine?

Some of the most common “jaywalking” offences in Australia include:

• Pedestrians who cross the road by ignoring red pedestrian lights, particularly in cities such as the ACT and Melbourne where light rail vehicles pose an increased risk to pedestrian safety
• Crossing the road diagonally where you aren’t permitted to do so
• Crossing the road on a green light
• Not using a zebra crossing within 20 metres of your location
• Walking in the middle of a breakdown lane

If there are no pedestrian signs, signals, lights or crossings, you must take the shortest and safest route across the road.

Interestingly, it is not an offence to use a mobile phone, listen to music or text while crossing a road unless police can prove that you caused a traffic hazard or obstructed a pedestrian or driver.

Keep walking

Like other road rules, the purpose of pedestrian laws is to ensure public safety.

So the next time you decide to make a quick dash across the road while running late for work, think about the impact of your actions on your own safety, the safety of other road users … and your wallet!

There is a new generation of machine in action now, and these are systems that can replace parts of, and sometimes all of, certain kinds of professional work” – Richard Susskind

Last night’s Q&A panel discussion offered a fascinating glimpse into what the future could hold for the Australian workforce. Experts like Adam Spencer hypothesised that the increasing role of robots and AI could cause the loss of thousands of jobs across a range of sectors, particularly mining and service industries. Others like the Assistant Minister for Industry, Innovation and Science, Craig Laundy, took the position that the increased use of robot and AI technology could create many more human jobs that will be needed to support new workplace infrastructures.

Among the list of professions to which AI has been considered a potential threat is the legal industry.

You will have likely seen a range of incendiary headlines such as “Robots replacing lawyers a ‘near certainty,” “Law firms of the future will be filled with robot lawyers,” and “Robot invasion” circulating online with increasing frequency. The result is that many lawyers and law students have spiralled into a state of panic about the future of the profession and the certainty of their jobs.

So how worried should we really be about the rise of robot lawyers?

Let’s look at the statistics

According to a report, The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs To Computerisation? researchers compiled data to estimate how technology could affect the job market in 20 years.  The study used four key criteria to determine whether certain occupations are at risk of being automated:

1. whether the job requires coming up with clever solutions
2. whether it prioritises helping others on a personal level
3. whether there is a need to work in small spaces; and
4. whether negotiations are required.

According to NPR’s online calculation tool lawyers have a 3.5% chance of being replaced by automation technology given that some aspects of legal work are easier to automate than others. Court reporters could experience a 50% chance of being automated, while junior legal roles such as entry-level lawyers, paralegals and legal assistants that engage in legal research and drafting documents could experience a 94.5% chance of being automated in the future.

Sophisticated algorithms are gradually taking on a number of tasks performed by paralegals, contract and patent lawyers. More specifically, law firms now rely on computers that can scan thousands of legal briefs and precedents to assist in pre-trial research.

We find that paralegals and legal assistants – for which computers already substitute – in the high risk category. At the same time, lawyers, which rely on labour input from legal assistants, are in the low risk category. Thus, for the work of lawyers to be fully automated, engineering bottlenecks to creative and social intelligence will need to be overcome, implying that the computerisation of legal research will complement the work of lawyers in the medium term.”  Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne.

In the light of these forecasts for the future, are law firms looking to establish new ways to deliver their legal services? How will technology likely impact the profession?

Former Chief Justice of the High Court, Justice Robert French, notes in the June Issue of the Australian Legal Review:

The profession faces challenges and opportunities arising out of the use of technology, and in particular, artificial intelligence. It is evident that AI has the potential to perform, more economically, than humans, a range of legal tasks, including document review, analysis of ways of resolving legal disputes and the provision of basic legal advice. Its speed of development and impact on the provision of legal services and the profession generally is difficult to predict. However, its effects are likely to be profound.” 

What’s trending right now in the world of robot lawyers

While the human element involved in the practice of law can never be replaced by technology (no matter how intelligent it may be), the way in which legal services are delivered could significantly change in the coming years. Below are a few examples of recent trends around the world.

“DoNotPay” – Parking Fine Chatbot (UK and US)

Created by British teenager and Stanford University student, Joshua Browder, the “DoNotPay” chatbot handles ticket appeals through a Q&A-style chat. As of June 2016, the chatbot successfully appealed over 160,000 parking tickets, saving drivers time and legal fees.

“DoNotPay” has now been developed to assist asylum seekers to make a valid application by asking applicants questions in plain English.

In Australia, there is much potential for emerging technologies to support legal services.

FineFixer – Australia (Victoria only)

In an Australian-first for the legal assistance sector, Moonee Valley Legal Service recently launched FineFixer – a new website that provides personalised legal information to help Victorians understand their legal rights and how to tackle fines.

ROSS – World’s first AI lawyer (US)

The world’s first AI lawyer named ROSS is being used by US law firm BakerHostetler to sift through thousands of pages of legal research in its bankruptcy practice. ROSS was built on IBM Watson, a cognitive system that can answer questions in natural language.

ROSS can understand questions asked and respond hypothetically through the use of references and citations. ROSS only provides highly relevant answers, meaning that the amount of time and effort currently wasted on unbillable legal research by paralegals and law clerks may soon be reduced drastically.

Bob Craig, Chief information officer of BakerHostetler says:

ROSS is not a way to replace our attorneys – it is a supplemental tool to help them move faster, learn faster, and continually improve.”

It would appear at this time that there is great potential for robot lawyers and AI to enhance and streamline legal work by reducing the number of hours spent on tasks that can be automated – such as legal research, smart contracts, e-discovery, online dispute resolution, automated due diligence programs, programs to help drivers challenge parking fines, programs to assist people claiming refunds for delayed flights, programs to apply for emergency housing, and programs to assist people claiming asylum.

Certain tasks performed by legal assistants, paralegals and junior lawyers will be likely be automated in the reasonably near future.

What the future holds for the next generation of young lawyers

The impact of robot lawyers and AI for junior lawyers may make some of us baulk.

For the majority of junior lawyers working in the private sector, an essential aspect of core legal training comes from hours of dedicated and laborious legal research. If robots are able to scan millions of documents and find the desired answer in a few seconds, will there still be a role for graduate lawyers?

Short answer: Yes.

According to the Honourable Justice Margaret Beazley AO:

Whilst the ‘grad’ won’t become obsolete, the day-to-day activities of graduate lawyers will undergo a significant shift as many of their tasks become automated.”

While automation might remove one element of the role performed by grads, this just means that the grad’s entry pathway to the law will look slightly different in the future.

In the past few years, the impact of tech disruption in the legal industry has presented a new suite of challenges for grads as tech skills have become more attractive to employers than ever before.

For young Australian lawyers:

As a generation of legal practitioners who are likely to be most impacted by these developments, your challenge will be to ensure that technological change supports the administration of justice and the rule of law and does not supplant it with concepts that are alien to our rich legal tradition,” Justice Beazley says.

For the next generation of lawyers still at university, therefore, it will be important to develop cross-disciplinary knowledge. Marketing, writing, coding, IT, business, leadership and management skills, as well as the ability to build legal technologies, will all be important areas to develop when preparing to enter the legal job market. Importantly, these skills will be needed on an ongoing basis.

Introduction of more ‘law tech’ courses at universities

Universities around the country are responding in different ways to the impact of tech disruption in the legal sector and the way in which it is changing the delivery of legal services. Hackathons are becoming increasingly popular, as is the introduction of new courses that focus on technology.

The University of New South Wales (UNSW), for example, has partnered with law firm Gilbert + Tobin and software company Neota Logic to provide students with a new course that provides students with a practical experience in using legal technology.

The elective course “Designing Technology Solutions for Access to Justice” was offered to undergraduate and Juris Doctor students in Semester 2 of the 2017 academic year.

Elsewhere, in an Australian first, the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) has launched a new undergraduate major in legal futures and technology. The course will be part of the standalone and combined bachelor of laws degrees and will be the first undergraduate legal major in legal technologies and legal futures taught in Australia.

The introduction these courses similar are a great step in integrating more tech knowledge and skills for a new generation of lawyers.

Some skills are irreplaceable 

Regardless of how technology changes the way legal services are delivered in Australia, one thing remains certain: robot lawyers and AI will never completely replace human lawyers.

Technology will continue to aid the performance of mundane and routine tasks and will likely take on a more dominant role in legal research and automated discovery etc. But human intelligence, the human capacity for negotiation, emotional intelligence and the ability to make the correct judgement call will never be the province of technology as we know it to exist today.

Former Chief Justice Robert French says:

The challenges for the profession in Australia are many and are shifting rapidly in a variety of directions. It might be said there has never been a more exciting time to be a lawyer. There has certainly never been a more challenging time, nor one in which the stakes are so high. 

What do you think about the role of technology in shaping the future of the legal profession? What do you consider to be the challenges or opportunities? Let us know in the comments! 

While I couldn’t wait to do all those things, the more I thought about it, the more frightened I became at the idea of managing all that while also trying to keep up with studying.

Many questions started to pop into my head. Which courses should I be taking? How do I get around the university campus and the city centre? Who do I speak to if I need help? Where can I find cheap or discounted items?

Throughout my four years in Australia, I have reflected on how I would do things differently or what advice I would give to others in order to fully appreciate this thrilling and worthwhile experience as an international student.

What is it really like being an international student?

Living abroad can be a very challenging experience. You are separated from your friends and family and must adapt to new ways of doing things to fit in.

Sometimes you may feel that you have lost your cultural identity.

Every international student will have a different experience living and studying in Australia and what one student finds challenging might be a breeze for another. Some of the most common everyday struggles you are likely to encounter when studying overseas include the following …

Experiencing culture shock

Culture shock is definitely what most, if not all, international students will encounter. This refers to the feeling of unfamiliarity with a new culture and social norms when living far from home.

There is no correct timeframe when it comes to making a cultural adjustment – it all depends on your ability to adapt to a new social, academic and cultural context.

I really didn’t expect culture shock to affect me so early but noticed some indications that I was experiencing it including withdrawing from social activities, experiencing a lack of motivation, as well as stress and loneliness.

I’ve been through all four stages of culture shock. Sometimes it can be very frustrating when you think that you have successfully beaten it and then, when you least expect, it reappears for some time. I learned to make peace with it by thinking of it as a normal phenomenon and something that I can talk with other people about.

Fitting in and settling down

Part of culture shock is feeling like you don’t fit into your new environment.

At first, you might find yourself feigning interest in activities that locals enjoy.

During my first few weeks after moving into university accommodation, my roommate invited me to a party. I remember trying to have fun but realised that it was not the kind of thing I enjoyed. I was only doing it because I wanted to fit in and make some new friends. I decided that if I was feeling uncomfortable, I didn’t have to continue doing it.

It was a decision that helped me discover that I much prefer a casual lunch with good food and good company. Pretty soon I found some friends who enjoy the same thing, and Friday lunches soon became a tradition! Australia’s coffee culture has become almost obsessive so getting yourself regularly caffeinated is another positive step you can take to fit in.

Once you find an activity that you are comfortable with, you will begin to settle.

Dealing with homesickness

Even if you manage to quickly settle down into a new city and a new routine, homesickness can start to creep in.

What I have learned is that missing your home, the people, and the culture, is okay and absolutely normal.

When it comes to feeling homesick, you are not alone. Even domestic students who come from interstate also experience homesickness. It’s important to stay connected with your loved ones and your heritage, while also looking for opportunities to experience new things and explore new places.

My ability to cope with all these challenges comes down to acceptance. I accepted that I am away from my family and old friends. I accepted that I now live in a new city. I accepted that things are different from home.

Try to cultivate an open mind and take some risks.

Survival guides

To help ease your transition into a new Australian city, and one that you will hopefully come to regard as your second home, I have collated some of my essential survival tips derived from personal experiences.

1. Australian culture

While you may have strong English language skills, something you may not have accounted for is Australian slang. Try to familiarise yourself with a few common expressions.

Do you know about Australia’s history, laws, geography and etiquette?

Reading more about your host country gives you a better understanding of how it operates. It can also be a topic of conversation for that helps you integrate more easily.

Take advantage of your city – whether you are based in Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Brisbane, Adelaide or Perth – by visiting local attractions. If you’re based in Canberra, a trip to the War Memorial, Parliament House and the National Gallery can help you learn more about Australia’s history and culture.

2. Studying

Make sure you know in advance what courses you should be taking. You can do this by referring to the semester study plan spreadsheet available from your college. Stick to that plan and contact your college Dean if you are having trouble selecting courses.

International students are required to enrol full-time and complete a minimum of 24 units per semester (4 courses per semester, each course with a value of 6 units).

Student central or student administration services are available to help you manage your study programs. There are also student-run organisations or associations that you can contact with further enquiries.

For textbooks and materials, the Co-op Bookshop is the place to go. It is the largest retailer in Australia and located right on campus at each university. Textbook exchange Facebook groups are a popular way to buy pre-used books. StudentVIP is also a great website to find cheap textbooks and tutors.

3. Employment

One way to get the most out of your university life is by getting a part-time job. It’s a great way to build your network and to develop the kind of practical skills and experiences that future employers look for in a potential candidate.

A student visa generally allows international students to work up to 40 hours per fortnight during a university semester and unlimited hours during a holiday break.

Write a resume and cover letter and arrange a Tax File Number (TFN). Your university Careers Centre can help proofread your resume and prepare you for an interview.

To avoid the possibility of being exploited by an unethical employer, make sure you are aware of your basic workplace rights, such as minimum wage and basic employee protections.

Seek, Found, Ethical Jobs and Indeed are popular job search providers. Most universities also have their own job search websites.

Put your best efforts into your job and aim to impress your supervisors and managers because when it comes to finishing up your studies, you can ask them to be a referee for you. It’s also a great way to build relationships that may lead to future opportunities.

4. Housing and accommodation

The prospect of moving to an entirely new country can be terrifying thought, so choosing accommodation that best suits you and your personality is critical to ensuring that you have an enjoyable experience. For personal safety reasons and easy access to study facilities, I chose to stay in a private apartment on campus.

Walking to a lecture or a tutorial also gives me an excuse to get some exercise.

If you are not confident cooking for yourself, you might prefer staying at a residential college which has a variety of meal options available. If you are looking for a cheaper alternative, an off-campus share house is also an option. Try searching Flatmates for shared accommodation options. Local Facebook groups in your city are also a great way to find a vacant room with like-minded students.

5. Budgeting and finance

Living on your own for the first time means that you are responsible for managing your budget.

Open a bank account by applying online or by visiting a local branch. Most Australian banks have a mobile app or online banking options where you can easily track your spending.

I tend to personalise my sub-accounts by labelling them according to my monthly expenditure. For example, ‘food, ‘renting’, ‘tuition fees’. Living Expenses Calculators can also help you identify the average amount you may need to allocate in each account.

If you enjoy online shopping, you will love UNiDAYS which offers a range of discounts from major brands, exclusive only to students.

6. Getting around

If you’re having trouble finding your lecture rooms or where to buy food, the free mobile app Lost On Campus has got it all. It consists of maps and images of lecture halls, nearest toilets and even vending machines.

For bigger adventures, Google Maps is your new best friend. The app now includes public transportation guides that can help you decide which bus or train you should take to get to a specific destination as well as which route is the fastest.

The Australian Government has compiled public transport information for each state and territory if you are eager to learn more about the best way of getting around.

If you prefer to avoid public transportation, riding a bicycle is ideal for most students to get around campus and the city. They are affordable, excellent for your health and good for the environment.

Conclusion

Like domestic students, being an international student comes with its own set of benefits and challenges. Keep in mind that there are a number of resources out there to help you settle down in a new place, so take advantage of them.

To those who have just started their degree in Australia – good luck! You have a fantastic and exciting journey ahead of you. To those who are half way through or almost finished their studies – keep going! The end is near and graduation day will come around faster than you imagine!

Links and resources

• Comprehensive international student guides are available through Insider Guides here.
• Each Australian university generally has its own international student guide/handbook either in print or online. Look them up on your university website.
• The Australian Government also has further useful information relating to visas, changing your courses, and scholarships.

While it is perfectly acceptable and socially appropriate to apologise when you have made an error or wronged someone, apologising can quickly become a problem when saying sorry is your automatic response to any situation that makes you feel self-conscious or anxious.

But why do we feel the need to apologise and what does being overly apologetic really say about us? Rather than showing strength of character, it could actually be a sign of weakness that leaves others feeling distrustful of us.

Let’s Talk Psychology

What drives the behaviour? 

Situations where we over apologise are mainly due to our need to please people and gain social approval by being agreeable. But could this habit of placing the needs of others above our own, even in situations that don’t call for it, actually be doing more social harm than good? When someone accidentally bumps into me, I am often the first to apologise because I wrongly feel at fault for standing in his or her way.

Psychologist Linda Tillman believes that we tend to apologise to avoid experiencing awkward social situations. Rather than asking someone to speak up, we may say, “I’m sorry, I didn’t hear you”. By sharing some responsibility for our comment, we sidestep a potentially embarrassing moment while also lessening the chance that the speaker will suffer discomfort or become self-conscious from the encounter.

Automatic apologies convey weakness

Like our thoughts and actions, the words we use every day are equally important in shaping how we see ourselves and how others perceive us. 

Apologising frequently and unnecessarily socially or professionally, for example, can diminish your credibility – from that of a power player to a passive observer. It can also erode self-esteem and confidence and lead to feelings of disentitlement and self-reproach.

Over-apologising contributes to imbalanced relationships with those around us because what it really reveals is that we value ourselves so little that we will readily accept misplaced blame. 

By mistreating yourself in this way, you become the architect of a power imbalance – one that unfortunately opens the door for others to mistreat you and exploit your weaknesses.

Over the long term, hasty apologies and constant agreeableness can also lead to damaging patterns of social behaviour that involve suppressing honest dialogue and personal opinions due to their potential to cause another person offence.

Being sorry is not nice

Human beings are not built to agree on every issue or to immediately back down or apologise when a disagreement arises. Conflict is where we learn and grow from each other. This is why being ‘nice’ all the time can leave others feeling distrustful towards you. Contrary to the intended result, failing to speak freely, disagree with others or reveal your genuine feelings or opinions can often – ironically – come across as disingenuous and untrustworthy.

According to Lori Deschene from Tiny Buddha, there is no reason for anyone to always accept blame and we shouldn’t necessarily apologise if we feel as though we have not done anything wrong.

So how can you stop habitually apologising?

1. Self-Reflect & Self-Respect

Respect yourself and others will too.

Whenever you catch yourself apologising, stop and spend a few moments reflecting on why you felt the need to. Start by asking yourself these two simple questions:

1. “Did I actually do something wrong?” and, if not;
2. “Did I really want to communicate that I think I did?”

This will help differentiate which apologies are unnecessary and which are genuine.

2. Change Your Vocabulary

Depending on the situation, replace the word “sorry” with common alternatives.

• Showing empathy

While it can be courteous to express empathy by saying how “sorry” you are, apologising for events over which you have no control can sometimes come across as flippant, disengaged and patronising.

Avoid saying: “I’m sorry you had a bad day.”

Instead try: “It really sucks that you had a bad day. What can I do?”

• When interrupting a conversation

Interrupting someone mid-conversation can be a very tricky business because it all depends on the environment and the culture that you are in. Listen to how the people around you use their vocabularies to interrupt and avoid apologising unless they do too.

There is also the case to be made that if you were truly sorry for interrupting someone, you would wait until a break in the conversation to share your ideas – meaning that apologising in this situation can come across as insincere.

Avoid saying: “I’m sorry to interrupt but …”

Instead try: “Excuse me …” or “Building on that idea …” or “I’d just like to add that …”

• To fill a gap in conversation

If you experience social anxiety, it can be difficult to keep a conversation or work meeting flowing seamlessly, especially when you might be focused on making a specific point or battling nerves. It can be tempting to use the word “sorry” to fill the air, however, the end result is that you seem unsure of yourself and the information you are presenting. Saying sorry repeatedly in this situation leads others to tune you out.

Avoid saying: “This information allows us to … sorry … identify the overall performance of …”

Instead try: “This information allows us to <pause> identify …” or “This information allows us to … ah …identify …”

3. There’s An App For That 

While over apologising tends to be a common and automatic verbal affliction, emails and other forms of online communication are not exempt.

The ‘Just Not Sorry’ app is a Gmail plug-in for Google Chrome that identifies common qualifying phrases that make you seem unsure of yourself. It works like a spell checker by underlining certain expressions in red and explaining why they undermine your overall message.

The app is inspired by U.S. life coach Tara Mohr, who encourages women to stop over apologising, especially in the workplace, and to be more confident.

The Bottom Line

Be conscious of your words and their potential to have a lasting impact.

The next time you find yourself tempted to apologise for something, pause and really think it through. Was it actually your fault? Consider the necessity and value of apologising as well as the social context and impression you want to give. Wherever possible, try to reserve “I’m sorry” for the times when you genuinely need to apologise and you sincerely feel remorse.

How often do you apologise in everyday scenarios where you were not at fault? Does it make you feel more or less empowered? Let us know in the comments!

Of all undergraduate degrees, law students must cope with constant stress, pressure and tight deadlines. Not only must we read, digest, understand and apply a large volume of complex legal principles quickly but also stay across the ever-changing legal landscape and compete for the best grades – all this stress takes a toll.

The first reported study into depression in the Australian legal community revealed a high level of psychological distress and risk of depression in law students and practising lawyers when compared with Australian community norms and other tertiary student groups.

While some ongoing patterns of procrastination can be indicative of serious underlying stress management issues – where your procrastination, for example, consistently prevents you from completing your university work or where you regularly need to seek extensions of time to submit assessments – in most cases, procrastination is a healthy coping mechanism and our brain’s clever way of taking a necessary and temporary mental health break between intense study sessions.

Sometimes we may not even know that we are procrastinating. But by putting off certain tasks and convincing ourselves that we have enough time to do them later, we are actually putting ourselves under even more pressure.

This self-defeating cycle can negatively affect our lives in more ways than we care to acknowledge. Procrastination can discourage you from meeting your goals and harm your sense of self-worth. An ongoing lack of study motivation can also lead you to lose precious time working towards your career goals or mean that you miss out on exciting new opportunities.

To minimise the effects of procrastination, here are six motivational tips I have developed during my time in law school.

Make A To-Do List

For law students, having solid organisational skills is gold.

Each study unit has hundreds of cases and materials to read, summarise and apply in real world scenarios. To split your study time effectively between subjects, and reduce your mental burden about ‘what you haven’t done’ you have to be highly organised and disciplined.

I categorise my tasks into subject areas such as Torts and Contract Law. Within those subjects, tasks are broken down into sub-tasks such as making case summaries, writing notes or catching up on missed lecture audio. To help organise your ‘To Do’ list, you can download free apps like Wunderlist which make it easy to create multiple lists, set due date and reminders, add sub-tasks, attach files and add notes. If you are working with other students on a group project you can even make a collaborative list with discrete tasks that each student needs to complete. You can add or check off tasks for a particular member and leave comments for others.

If you are not a digital person, write each task on a separate post-it (different colours for different subjects) and stick it to your wall or your desk. You will feel a wave of relief wash over you every time you rip up a post-it after finishing a task.

O-riginal tip: Completing just a few tasks every day gives your brain a reward and reduces your stress as you can see that you are making progress. It also incentivises slow, consistent, methodical and reduced-stress study habits.

Set Priorities And Get It Out The Way

Even when we try to plan out our day-to-day tasks effectively, unexpected life hiccups inevitably pop up.

At times like these, it’s important to master the art of prioritisation and preparation. Focus on the most important task and avoid spending too much time on less important priorities since a lack of proper preparation may lead to poorly structured arguments or exam responses.

During exam preparation, for example, we are taught to first pinpoint and spend the most time dealing with the main critical issue in a problem question. We address less contentious issues briefly with the time remaining once all the other important legal principles have been discussed.

The same principles apply to your study life. When the opportunity to make some extra money by working an extra shift at your cafe job eats into your study time, for example, pick out and prioritise the most important subjects and tasks that you critically need to focus on this week. This could mean centring your attention around an upcoming tutorial presentation or mooting competition. You may evaluate your strengths and decide to spend more time studying for an Equity & Trusts exam over an easier elective subject as one subject area requires intense study energy, whereas the other is more intuitive for you.

O-riginal tip: Limit the possibility of procrastination by dealing with the most pressing task at hand.

Ask For Help

Balancing a healthy lifestyle with executing a strict and effective study plan is not always easy and can be very isolating. It is always okay to ask for help or advice from other students when you need it.

In spite of many recent positive inroads, like the Law Council of Australia’s national initiative to counter unconscious gender bias in the legal profession, unfortunately, in many ways, more senior legal roles are still a very much a ‘boys club’ with the contacts made on the rugby field often making or breaking legal careers.

Given the high likelihood that you will end up working with people from law school at some point in your career, why not make the most of these early opportunities to establish solid and supportive female relationships and networks by forming female study groups?

The importance of developing strong female friendships founded on collaboration over competition when working in a male-dominated field like law cannot be underestimated.

Studying alongside your peers and holding each other up during stressful times builds strong and lasting friendships that will carry you through your legal career. It also helps you to develop collaborative working skills and the ability to easily adjust to different working environments.

Plus, you get to let off some much-needed steam and balance the stress and monotony of study with some light-hearted fun, junk food and study breaks while also spending quality time with friends who really understand what you are going through.

O-riginal tip: Just like having a gym buddy keeps you motivated to exercise, having study buddies keeps you on track with your study schedule by holding you to account if you fall behind in your readings. It’s a win-win situation! 

Come Up With A Deterrent Method

Coming up with some kind of negative consequence for failing to complete your set task for the day can reinforce your need to complete it.

For example, if you don’t finish writing the introduction to your essay in the next two hours, you can’t go out on Friday night.

In law school, most of us come up with our own negative consequences all the time – mostly just to avoid being over-stressed and underprepared during exam period.

The consequences you set for yourself don’t need to be serious or catastrophically impact your life or relationships – they are just meant to serve as a reminder to stay on your feet and to set aside regular chunks of time to study.

Focus On The End Result

Avoid thinking about how you feel when you first sit down to study and instead try to focus on the amazing feeling of relief, achievement and joy you will feel when you’re finally done with that annoying task. Getting rid of that gnawing feeling of worry is the daily dose of motivation you need to keep going.

All law students can relate to that feeling when you submit an assessment that is not your best work. This is often a clear sign of the aftermath of excessive procrastination.

The trick is not to dwell on what might have been. Instead treat this as a learning experience to plan better for your next assessment and to set aside more time to complete it in manageable chunks. On the other hand, some of us do our best work under pressure so, who knows, you might even get a much better mark than you expected.

O-riginal tip: Your future self will love your past self for all the groundwork you have laid. 

Just Do It!

Stop bargaining with yourself about the length of time it will take you to complete an outstanding task and whether you have time to go out for coffee catch up this morning. Most importantly, never engage in self-reprimand about what you have not achieved this week.

Instead, take control, set your alarm (we recommend waking up to Dwayne Johnson gently singing you out of your deep slumber), get up at 6.00am and start making a dent in your work. Tackle your most difficult task first when your brain is still fresh. This frees you up to complete tasks that require less mental energy later in the afternoon and also to catch up with friends guilt free.

O-riginal tip: The fastest way to stop procrastinating is to just get it done!

When It Comes To Procrastination

I am aware that most of you are probably reading this article to the very end because you are engaged in an epic procrastination session. Nevertheless, hopefully, you managed to pick up some useful anti-procrastination tips along the way.

The bottom line is that if you go about your study with a positive attitude (even if you are studying Constitutional law this semester, blerg!) you can achieve anything. Recognising a bad pattern of behaviour and taking control of the situation before it escalates is the first step in preventing yourself from slacking off and developing unproductive study habits.

Are you a procrastinator or a planner? How do you motivate yourself to keep studying when you’re feeling apathetic? Let is know in the comments!

“Society is itself an education in the extrovert values … and rarely has there been a society that has preached them so hard”- William H Whyte

In Australian culture, those who are talkative are generally perceived to be more intelligent than quiet ones. Quick-talkers are also considered to be more appealing and more capable than slow talkers. When working in a group, for example, we tend to gravitate towards and follow the opinions of the most vocal. As a result, valuable ideas suggested by the less outspoken people can often be overlooked.

Within universities, for example, most courses require tutorial participation as part of your final mark. Students with extrovertial qualities are often in a better position to actively engage in group discussions, voice opinions and achieve higher participation marks. Similarly, in some industries, potential employers require applicants to undergo personality tests to assess suitability for a position and your ability to gel with company culture. In many cases, extroverted applicants are at an advantage.

But there is a clear difference between being able to speak well in a group or in public and having sound leadership qualities. Good talkers do not automatically possess good ideas. Sure, being able to command a room is a valuable trait, but it is easy to mistake confidence with ability.

Since surviving in a world filled with extroverts can sometimes feel overwhelming, here is an insider’s guide to better understanding yourself and embracing your inner introvert.

What Is It Really Like To Be Introverted? 

• You Dislike Crowded Places  

You enjoy going out with a group of friends to parties or gigs but often feel anxious to get home and recharge your battery. It may take several days, weeks, or even months for you to be ready to socialise again.

When it comes to social interactions, you tend to prefer intimate one-on-one conversations over group sessions because within this space you can easily express yourself without fighting to be heard. It may also be difficult for you to find people that you genuinely like and feel comfortable with so starting off with one person makes it easier for you to get into a good social flow and warm up to a few more.

• You Loathe Small Talk

You let out an internal exasperated “sigh” whenever people ask you what you study or where you grew up.

While extroverts are happy to chat at length on pretty much any topic, you think that small talk is an impediment to establishing a deeper and more meaningful level of friendship.

You strive to discuss, debate and engage on topics such as life, big ideas, theories and other interesting subjects.

You place a high value on the art of listening since this is your way of showing respect and appreciation for who you are communicating with.

For you, it is often the case that these seemingly casual conversations morph into meaningful and lasting friendships. 

• You Think Before You Speak

Think, think, think.

You never stop thinking. Your head is full of thoughts and ideas and you tend to choose your words carefully before communicating them aloud. Whereas extroverts tend to think on their feet and formulate an opinion as they are discussing it, you need time to quietly weigh the merits of each approach.

Once you have had time to process your thoughts, you can then clearly communicate exactly what you intend to say.

• You Express Yourself Best In Writing 

Writing through texts or emails gives you the time and space you crave to clarify your thoughts.

Sometimes you find it difficult to talk to people without thinking about what you want to say first. You just don’t want to feel embarrassed if you end up saying the wrong thing!

Writing is an excellent reason for you to spend time alone where you can brainstorm ideas and put your creative plans into action. In general, introverts work best when they work alone.

• You Are Observant Of Your Surroundings

Since you observe the world before interacting with it, you practise a greater awareness of your surroundings than most people. You remember small details about others because you want to really know who you are interacting with.

Although this is the case, you normally guard your own personal space and select who you want to speak to very carefully. By being very observant, analysing before you act and not letting people in easily, you avoid many negative or toxic interactions.

At this point, you are probably asking yourself – how can I survive and thrive in a world filled with extroverts?  

Launch Your Own Startup Or Pursue Something Creative

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, spent many hours working alone on a prototype which enabled letters to appear on a computer screen through a keyboard. He believes that groundbreaking inventions are not made by committee members but instead by artists who work best alone.

Introverts prefer to work independently and solitude can be a catalyst to innovation” – Hans Eysenck, an influential psychologist.

Since introverts perform best in solitude, use your alone time to discover your authentic talents, unleash your creativity and build something you are passionate about.

This could take the form of starting your own online business, authoring a book, using your skillset to work as an online freelancer, starting a niche blog and becoming an expert in your field, or even creating an app.

Learn How To Say No

Never be afraid to set boundaries and say no to meetings, or any other gatherings, that you don’t want to attend.

Go easy on yourself – the wonder of technology means that many things can be taken care of without the need for a face-to-face meeting. In the long run, you will be glad that you prioritised your own needs over others.

Remember that you don’t have to experience that uneasy feeling in your stomach when you agree to do something out of obligation and social propriety.

Stay Connected

Digital communication is a fantastic way to stay connected with your friends and family.

For introverts, social media is a perfect way to talk to lots of people without ever having to leave the luxury of your room.

Talking to ten friends on Facebook, Twitter, or Skype throughout the day is nowhere near as daunting as catching up with ten people in the same room. It is also a great way to boost your confidence and practice your social skills for when you engage people face-to-face. 

Enhance Your Communication Skills

Instead of focusing on the disadvantages of being an introvert, dedicate your energy towards developing your existing skills and abilities.

If you are an introvert, you are probably a great thinker. This does not necessarily mean that you hate public speaking – some of the best leaders and public speakers in the world are introverts. What it does mean is that you are more inclined to present your ideas, whether in a study group, tutorial or work meeting, clearly, succinctly and accurately.

Using your incisive thinking skills, you can convey your core message without the need for expansive dialogue. Presenting ideas as shortly and sweetly as possible can minimise the opportunity for people to engage, challenge or start a discussion.

When It Comes To Finding Your Authentic Voice

“Be yourself, because an original is worth more than a copy.”

You don’t have to worry about not being the most vocal in a group or not possessing the best presentation skills.

Our personalities are not static, which means that as we go through adulthood we often change and develop depending on our experiences. While right now you may be on the extreme end of the introversion spectrum, in five years time, after working in a challenging professional environment, you may find that you have become a borderline extrovert. The same principles apply to extroverts who can often become more introvertial with time.

The bottom line is that being an introvert is not an obstacle to success or achieving greatness. Introverts have an important place in this world so remember to embrace your introversion!

Further Information

You’re not the only introvert who has doubted yourself or wondered where they fit in. The following inspiring books about famous and highly successful introverts are a great way to understand yourself and your strengths better:

• Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking by Susan Cain

Susan Cain takes a scientific view of introverts in a society that grows louder everyday. This book is full of real and memorable stories about successful introverts. Among them are Steve Wozniak, Dr. Seuss and Rosa Parks. Quiet helps empower introverts to understand themselves and to change the way others see them.

• The Introvert’s Way: Living a Quiet Life in a Noisy World by Sophia Dembling

Similar to Susan Cain’s book, the Introvert’s Way encourages introverts to accept their nature and traits. Although extroverts outnumber introverts, living an introvert’s lifestyle is not wrong in any way.

• Introvert Power: Why Your Inner Life is Your Hidden Strength by Laurie Helgoe

In her book, Laurie Helgoe asserts that introverts gain power and energy through reflection and solitude. Introverts see the pressure to enjoy parties, and other interactions as a problem rather than an opportunity. Therefore, she encourages introverts to use their traits and inner power to their fullest advantage.

• Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap…and Others Don’t by Jim Collins

Jim Collins tells the story of Darwin Smith, the head of Kimberly-Clark, who transformed the business into the leading paper company in the world. This book tries to make a point about the value of quiet leadership and how this characteristic of leaders enables them to thrive in comparison to extroverted leaders.

**The list of books above is not exclusively for introverts. Most extroverts can find value in a better understanding of introverted personality types, how it differs from their own, and be in a better position to enjoy more harmonious relationships with family, friends and colleagues.

Are you an introvert? What are some of the biggest challenges you have faced in a world dominated by extroverts? Share your experiences below!

I can’t do it anymore, I’m not good enough, this is too difficult.”

Do you ever experience any of these thoughts, particularly when exams are just around the corner, or when you have not started an assessment that is due less than 24 hours away?

If you answered yes, then you could be headed towards burnout.

As a university student, you may feel constant pressure to do well and to work hard. In the midst of juggling study, work and social commitments it is not surprising that many students forget to take care of their physical health and mental wellbeing.

Around the country, many students are experiencing increasingly high baseline levels of daily stress and anxiety but are, perhaps, unable to identify the root cause.

It is therefore important to be able to recognise the early warning signs which may indicate that you, or someone you know, is suffering from a mental health imbalance.

Below is a quick checklist for some of the most common symptoms of deeper underlying issues.

Physical Signs Of Anxiety Or Stress

Some common physical signs of anxiety or stress are:

• Exhaustion
• Feeling nervous
• Insomnia, or sleeping too much
• Loss of weight and appetite
• Headaches
• Neck tension
• Stomach upset or nervous stomach
• Withdrawing from friends and family
• Prefering to stay at home

Emotional Signs Of Anxiety Or Stress

Some common emotional signs of anxiety or stress are:

• Feelings of apprehension or dread
• Difficulty concentrating
• Feeling tense and jumpy
• Expecting the worst
• Feeling restless
• Feeling miserable/irritable
• Feeling overwhelmed
• Frustration
• Disappointment in yourself

If you have noticed recognisable changes to your general state of mind or to your physical wellbeing that lasts longer than a few days, it is vital that you take positive steps and do something about it.

If you are still unsure whether you are suffering from anxiety or stress, complete BeyondBlue’s anxiety and depression checklist. 

Five quick and positive steps you can take today to help with depressive thoughts, anxiety or stress can be found below.

1. Seek Help

Every university has a counselling centre or a wellbeing society.

Make good use of free resources that are available to you. Seeking help does mean that you are a failure or can’t ‘tough it out’ on your own. It means that you are self-aware enough to recognise your limitations.

It’s crucial to keep in mind that you are not the only one experiencing anxious thoughts. Sooner or later, life has a way of knocking every one of us down to the point where we feel like we cannot get up again. This is a normal and natural part of being a twenty-or thirty-something. The important thing is that you do get up.

Understand that others, such as friends of family may, through their own life experiences, be in a better position to give you strategies to cope. Our personal experiences don’t always equip us to deal with particular types of stress, so speaking with someone who has been through something similar can help you to get back on the right track quicker and easier.

You may also meet someone going through a similarly stressful time who can relate to your experiences and offer support and friendship.

If you feel uncomfortable talking with a counsellor or other professional, Lifeline and Beyondblue provide 24 hour anonymous support either over the phone or online chat.

2. Take a Break

Remember that you’re only human.

Our bodies need rest to perform at their best. Nobody can work or study non-stop and expect terrific results every time.

Taking a break gives your brain time to recalibrate. It refreshes your thinking and helps you to see your situation with a fresh eyes and a fresh perspective.

3. Sleep!

Get plenty of sleep (at least 7 hours per night) and cut down your afternoon intake of caffeine.

Try to switch to decaf or herbal tea from 2pm. Many students get into the habit of leaving assessment or study until the last minute and pull an ‘all nighter’ to finish. Chronic sleep deprivation can, however, seriously damage your mental and physical health as well as diminish the quality of your work.

And why risk a bad mark, or compromise your mental health, with something that is as easily manageable as getting enough sleep?

If you can muster the willpower, avoid blue light from electronic devices like phones, tablets and laptops a few hours before bed. Experiment with apps like Sleep Cycle which help track your sleep patterns and monitor the quality of your sleep.

4. Try Yoga Or Meditation

Yoga and meditation are great ways to reconnect the mind and body, particularly if you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress or fatigue.

Spending 15-20 minutes doing yoga or going for a quick walk or run during a study break can drastically lower stress levels, get your blood flowing, refocus your mind and improve concentration. Daily Yoga is a fantastic free app with over 500 yoga poses and instructions.

It’s great for study life and also life in general. Develop strength and flexibility and get into fantastic shape!

For a quick mental holiday, get into the habit of using apps like Stop Breathe Think, Smiling Mind, Simple Habit or Zen. You can check-in with how you’re feeling at any given moment and try short activities tuned into your emotions. Just 10 minutes of guided meditations per day has been proven to significantly reduce stress levels by proactively managing the way you deal with negative or overwhelming thoughts and feelings.

One practical strategy to minimise the impact of anxious thoughts is to put those thoughts on paper.
Set aside 15 minutes every night before bed to write down whatever is bothering you. It could be an upcoming exam, an overwhelming study schedule or general life pressure.

Seeing your fears or worries written down removes their power and unburdens your mind from its need to hold onto them.

5. Eat Healthy  

Midnight Maccas runs and dinners consisting of instant noodles always seem like a good idea at the time. But a few seconds of instant gratification with cheap junk food can mean that you are jeopardising your physical and mental health.

According to Dr Hyun Shin from the Harvard School of Public Health:

Although instant noodles are a convenient and delicious food, there could be an increased risk for metabolic syndrome given the food’s high sodium, unhealthy saturated fat and glycemic loads”.

High sodium foods have also been linked with heart disease and other serious health problems.

Not feeding your body the nutrients it needs to succeed is like pouring sand into an engine and expecting it to perform well. Recent studies indicate just how important healthy gut bacteria is for our overall health, including mood and mental health.

To effectively manage stress during exam period, it’s critical to spend the extra time preparing meals for the week and feeding your body the right fuel to succeed. Think tuna, rye bread, quinoa, green leafy vegetables, blueberries, and other superfoods that will boost your energy, focus and happiness and reduce stress.

If you are stuck for recipe ideas, the Women’s Weekly Super Foods for Exam Success book is a great place to start. HelloFresh delivers healthy ingredients straight to your door, and Youfoodz even prepares and delivers fresh meals, so all you need to do is factor in time to sit down and eat properly.

Conclusion

The next time you experience stress or anxious feelings that you cannot seem to switch off, try some of the above strategies as a first step.

Keep in mind that stress and worry are our brain’s way of working through problems – real or perceived. The more you worry about something, the more value your brain assigns that worry as a big problem that needs to be solved.

If you really want to stop worrying about something, you have to deal with it head-on.

Either write down what is troubling you; adopt healthy incremental lifestyle changes, such as eating healthfully, exercising regularly and getting enough sleep; talk about your problems with friends (who are likely to be feeling the same way as you) or seek professional help from a university counsellor or anonymous national helpline.

University is one of the best times of your life, so remember to keep things in perspective and proactively care for yourself and your friends. When it comes to the pressures of student life, try not to assign too much value or stress on getting perfect grades, performing perfectly or acing assessments.

Things are never as bad as they may seem at the time and, importantly, this stressful period in your life is only temporary.

Further Information

• Monkey Mind: A Memoir on Anxiety by Daniel Smith
• Things Might Go Terribly Wrong: A Guide to Life Liberated from Anxiety by Troy DuFrene
• The Worry Cure by Robert L. Leahy
• Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm, and Confidence by Rick Hanson

What strategies do you use to cope with stress or anxious thoughts? Let us know in the comments below!

Establishing a solid career is tough.

The initial stages of everyone’s professional journey are a time filled with panic, confusion and self-doubt.

Maybe you are unable to land that competitive internship or are finding it hard to be offered an entry level position. You may even be struggling to work out what career path you wish to pursue. You could be missing something big that could boost your career prospects.

What if I told you that the missing career link could be volunteering experience?

Volunteering is a great way to give back to your local community as well as other communities around the world. Aside from the fact that volunteering makes you feel good, and allows you to become a part of something bigger than yourself, there are other reasons why volunteering is a great idea.

These range from skills development, to gaining valuable experience in different fields, connecting with other professionals and boosting your career prospects. Below are some of the main benefits.

It Looks Good On Your Resume

You have to admit, it feels great to add a few more lines to your resume.

When you are willing to put a lot of effort into a good cause, even when there is nothing in it for you, it shows your competency and dedication.

Some employers require 2 – 3 years post-graduate experience, making it hard to get a look in on your dream job. Volunteering helps fill that gap on your resume, leading to a better chance of getting an interview.

The added benefit is a glowing letter of recommendation from leaders of the organisations you have volunteered with, as well as a strong list of referees.

It Helps You Network 

Volunteering has become an easy way to make new connections in your area, especially if you have recently moved to a new city or country and are eager to find a way to meet new people.

It is a stress-free networking opportunity that comes without the awkward and uncomfortable conversations you may find yourself engaged in at formal events.

When you have built a strong and positive relationship with the organisations you volunteer with, senior persons within that organisation will not hesitate to help you. They might recommend you for other great opportunities or connect you with important contacts. You may even wish to recommend some of those opportunities to your friends and family.

It Helps You Develop Valuable Skills

You might not know it, but volunteering helps build new skills and enhance existing ones.

As a volunteer, you can allow yourself to listen, learn and experience a range of different tasks and challenges without the stress and pressure of getting something wrong or running the risk of ruining your professional reputation.

Volunteering is an effective way to gain confidence working in a professional setting. Being able to present yourself to a future employer as an impressive and well-rounded candidate with a range of experience will set you apart. Well-developed teamwork and interpersonal skills are also a valuable asset that every employer looks for.

It Helps You Understand Yourself

Volunteering enhances self-awareness.

A better understanding of your personality, your strengths, weaknesses and interests can give you a new and inspired outlook on your career choices.

For instance, if you are the kind of person who excels at analytical thinking and persuasiveness, volunteering may help you decide on a career pathway in the law. If you discover that you have a creative and imaginative mind, on the other hand, you may be guided towards more creative industries such as design.

It Enables You To Explore Career Choices

Volunteering helps you to gather information and determine exactly what you are looking for in a career.

If you have no idea what you want to do with your life, finding out what it’s like to work at a big company or smaller non-profit can be of real benefit.

Regardless of the size, volunteering presents a fantastic opportunity for you to figure it all out. It is a safe environment for you to discover your true ambitions.

It Stops From You Slacking Off

If you have a 2-month university break, a few weeks of work leave or want to get a complete change of scenery for 6-12 months and volunteer overseas, volunteering is a great way to avoid boredom and apathy and keep your brain engaged.

When you resume work or study, you will be on top of things and in a position to hit the ground running!

Conclusion

For those who already volunteer – good on you! You are one step closer to your dream job.

For those who are planning to volunteer – go for it! Volunteering is not only a way to make a positive social impact, but also a way to kick start your personal and career development.

So, get off your couch and go volunteer! You won’t regret it.

Further Information

Below are some great volunteering resources to get you started.

National:

• Volunteering ACT
• Pro Bono Australia
• Go Volunteer
• Volunteer Network
• Ethical Jobs
• Knowhow Nonprofit
• Seek Volunteer
• Victoria’s Volunteering Panel
• Volunteering Queensland

International:

• Australian Volunteers International
• International Volunteer Program Association
• Projects Abroad
• Volunteer Abroad
• International Volunteering
• Universal Giving